On your first trip, I’m sure you’d like to avoid going out and spending a lot of money on expensive gear, but keep a couple of things in mind. If you’re in a commercial site where there are many other campers around and you’re ten minutes from a bustling town and you have no plans to venture anywhere else, then you don’t need to purchase a lot of camping clothes. On the other hand, if you’ll be in a remote area far from others, then you have to be prepared for anything.
Keep in mind the high and low temperatures.
When we are home, we are used to a seventy-three degree house during the day and sixty-eight at night. When you’re outside camping, you can easily see a ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty degree swing over the course of the day. I will say it depends on where you are. Usually the largest fluctuations occur where it’s dry, because there’s less moisture to trap the heat, as well as at higher elevations where you find a bigger temperature swing at night. Say it’s seventy during the day, and forty at night. That’d be a thirty degree difference. We have seen swings from 85 to 30 many times in the mountains, especially in the high desert.
Stay warm. Stay dry.
The way to remain alive is to stay warm and dry. It’s very important to keep yourself in a situation where you can stay alive, because the number one killer of outdoor activities is hypothermia.
You can get hypothermia at seventy degrees. If you are wet at seventy, you’re not going to be able to maintain your body heat. If you are wet at seventy in the shade and the sun is about to set, you will also struggle. Keep in mind that very young children or older people can’t sustain their body heat at some of these temperatures if they don’t have the appropriate clothing. In those cases, hypothermia is a real threat.
Rules of three.
You can survive three minutes without oxygen, three days without water, and three weeks without food. There’s a little bit of a variable in that equation, but it’s pretty accurate. In three days you’re going to be suffering from massive dehydration and your body’s going to start shutting down. In three minutes you’re going to suffer from oxygen deprivation and brain damage can begin.
How a 9-1-1 search can start.
Generally, if you are lost you’re going to be rescued within two or three days. And if people know where you are, you’re probably going to be found in twenty-four hours. But, let’s say it’s three-thirty in the afternoon, and your kid goes for a walk and gets lost. You don’t realize your child is missing until five-thirty when Mom’s calling everyone to the campsite for dinner. It may take awhile to discover a child is missing. There may be calling and searching before you realize your child is lost and you call 9-1-1.
By the time rescue personnel arrive and gather the facts, it may be dusk. Depending on weather conditions, they might wait until morning to search. One of the dangers rescue teams have is the risk of walking over uneven terrain at night. It turns into the rescuer needing rescuing. Many times when someone is lost, they won’t be found until the following day because of darkness, so the more prepared they are, the better chance they’ll survive.
Stay dry. I mean it.
If you are conscious and dry and warm, then you’ll be fine. You can live without food and water overnight. You may feel cold, but you’ll survive. The key is to remain dry.
What if it rains? Either huddle under the canopy of a large tree or gauge what direction the wind and rain is landing and put yourself in a situation where you can remain as dry as possible.
If you get wet in a rainstorm, use the rays of the sun when it reappears to
allow your clothing to dry.
Example of wet clothing in cooler temperatures.
When your clothing is wet, your body loses heat very quickly. The cotton T-shirt or hoodie you are wearing is useless, because the water conducts the heat away from your body, and cools you off. So now all of a sudden, its say seventy degrees, but your body can’t maintain that temperature because of the heat being lost.
Your body maintains a temperature of about ninety-eight degree. Let’s say the air’s seventy, and your body’s producing energy so maybe it’s seventy. But, once you are wet you’re not okay. It is now dark and you have to spend the night in a place where you don’t have a way to dry off. When wet you lose more energy than you’re creating; this is when hypothermia could begin to kick in. People think that would never happen to me, but unfortunately hypothermia is one of the big outdoor killers.
Hypothermia defined.
Your body needs to keep organs at your normal body temperature. If your body is losing heat, the first thing to happen is your extremities cool off. Your fingers and toes get cold; as long as you don’t develop frostbite or the digits don’t freeze, then not a huge deal. It’s not uncommon for your skin to reach fifty degrees.
But, eventually you lose so much heat that your body starts to get cold inside. Your organs are not comfortable with being at those temperatures. So, in protection mode, your body begins to reduce the amount of blood flow to the skin. One way your body saves heat is to tighten your capillaries. But, your internal organs—liver, lungs, heart, they are all starting to get colder and eventually shut down. Next, your mental capacity goes down as well which is why people may start hallucinating. In advanced stages of hypothermia, they may stop talking or may not be able to communicate any more. At that point you have a serious medical condition. The only way to fix it is to warm the person up.
How quickly does hypothermia set in?
If you are lost and wet and can’t maintain your body temperature; hypothermia will set in. If you are a young child or an older person, it is more critical. The colder the air is the quicker hypothermia starts.
For example, say you fall into the Bering Sea which is about thirty-two degrees; you have about two minutes before hypothermia sets in. Or say you tumble into a seventy degree lake, you have about three hours. The basic concept is if you don’t warm up, you’re going to die.
Let’s say you aren’t wet. Or you are wet but the temperatures aren’t extreme, you are in for a long night. Hypothermia might not set in, but it will be a miserable night. It would also be a reason for someone never to go camping again. So, it’s more than just keeping track of your kids; its preparing them because things can happen. But, there’s hope. Read on for tips to prevent hypothermia and getting lost.
Simple things we can do for safety.
Help the people in your group understand where they are and how to return to the camp site. Also, train them in what to do if they become lost. If they don’t have equipment or proper waterproof clothing, there are still a number of things they can do.
Remind them to stay dry and warm, and make sure they know why this is important. Another thing is don’t move around after nightfall without illumination as it is easy to fall and injure yourself. Next thing you know you’ll be lost and hurt. It’s best to sit down after dark sets in.
You can also teach the people in your group about the terrain. If you’re camping halfway up a mountain, give them a landmark they can go to, that way you’ll know where to find them if they are lost. For example our place in the mountains has two peaks; one is on our property and the other on the neighbors. Everyone knows if they are lost to walk uphill until they can’t go anymore, that is where we can easily find them if darkness sets in and they don’t return to camp. Think about whether there are terrain features you can give simple directions around, so even a child can understand how to get to a place where it’s easy to find them.
Example: not lost, just hurt.
Let’s say you are out hiking alone, and you fall. You’ve broken something and you can’t make it back to camp. No one can hear you yelling and darkness is settling in. If you’ve left camp prepared, then you can rough it for a night with the pack I’m about to tell you about.
Equipment everyone needs.
Knowledge is power, but when camping, proper equipment can rule the day. If everyone is prepared with a pack when they leave the camp, that one simple thing can help prevent bad situations.
One item everyone should have is a waterproof jacket. The best kind is one with breathable fabric, for example Gore-Tex, but there are other good ones. If it is warm and you don’t need a jacket, tie it around your waist or stick it in your pack so you are prepared.
Of course, you should have water with you and some type of food, perhaps a Cliff bar or trail mix. It’s also smart to have a flashlight. If it’s going to be less than eighty overnight, bring a hoodie with you.
It’s really nice if you have a piece of plastic you can use to make a shelter. It’s also wise to have a way to create or build a fire. Both those aren’t necessarily essential.
Those are the basic things to put in your pack. Now you’ve filled up a small backpack. But, keep in mind many backpacking backpacks have a removable top section where you can store these items, so when you go for a side hike, you drop your bag and take these other things with you and you’re good to go.
Don’t panic.
If someone does get lost, the first thing they should do is sit down, take a deep breath and think about where they are and where they’ve been. It may be that if you can keep from panicking, there is a simple solution to return to camp without a lot of difficulty. If you’re panicked, you might be fifty feet from where you need to be; but you head off in the wrong direction and two miles later you’re farther away from where you need to be. Things like roads and rivers and unique trees or bushes are all solid landmarks to help people find their way back to camp.
Don’t rely on electronics.
Any electronics or something with batteries eventually dies. If you give someone a handheld GPS receiver or a compass and a map, they can probably find their way back, assuming they have the skills. A GPS is handy, but the batteries on a map and compass never die. Knowledge weighs nothing. Being able to find your way with a topological map and compass is a guaranteed way to know your way home. You can receive basic orienteering skills in an afternoon, time well spent.
With a GPS, you can set up a waypoint and use the GPS on your phone. Then you can compare the point where you’re camping to what your phone says, or the handheld GPS receiver, and make your way back to camp.
You still need to have the ability to survive on your own without technology, because batteries can die, or maybe you lose your signal. GPS signals can be hard to find in the mountains with trees or in a heavily forested area, even. So, it’s important to keep in mind that the phone is a wonderful thing, but there are a lot of places where it might not work.
A non-cellular GPS can have issues because of trees and terrain as well. GPS can fail for a lot of reasons. That’s why it’s so important to have self-reliant skills in case the batteries die or there is no signal. Your kids may look at you funny when you ask them to take a handheld GPS receiver, but it might save their life if they have to spend the night somewhere.
How prepared do you need to be?
Now this goes back to where are you in your camping experience. If you have a one-year-old and you’re not going to leave the campsite, then you probably don’t need to spend two hundred dollars on a waterproof jacket for everybody.
I’m a big believer in preparedness, so I’m probably a little more prepared than most. But if this is your first trip, with people and help nearby, then keep it inexpensive. Take some sweatshirts, take whatever gear you’ve got, maybe an umbrella, and keep it simple and economical. Don’t have a thousand dollar credit card bill. And don’t go in debt to go camping. Just have what you need if you get lost.
On the other hand, if you’re going to the middle of Wyoming and you’ll be a hundred miles away from the nearest help, that’s a totally different trip and you need to be prepared.
Many lost individuals are found very close to camp. Some have died from hypothermia, as close as ¼ mile from safety. So always be aware of your surroundings and how to find your way home. Do use proximity to others and safety as an excuse for not being prepared.
In general, what to wear.
Because it gets cool in the evenings, carry a hoodie for everyone. Depending on weather, bring a rain coat or umbrella. Also, since you’ll be outside all day, wear sunscreen or a hat, your skin isn’t used to having sun beating on it all day.
Now I don’t have any hair so I have to wear a hat. On the other hand, my wife has a lot of hair but she normally wears a hat. Another item to think about is sunglasses; they can keep the sun out of your eyes.
Wear comfortable clothing, shorts during warmer weather. Consider whether you might come across poison ivy. If you are allergic to poison ivy, bring an EpiPen. Bring anti-itch cream. Depending on where you are, you may want to add bug repellent as well. These are basic things to make you more comfortable.
You need to have rugged footwear, unless the plan is to exit the car and set up camp and not leave, then you don’t need to invest in expensive boots.
Have fun.
The goal is to keep everybody warm and dry sitting around the campfire. That makes for happy campers and you’ll have those wonderful moments. Keep track of everyone in your group and help them understand what to do if they do get lost so they’re crystal clear of what to do. Train your campers!
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